The Vaccine Truth Denialist: Jan 11, 2011

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Reply to: Journal: Study Linking Vaccine to Autism Was Fraud

And here we go again, another mainstream media filled with misinformation blog page, by the personally delusional attacking Costner.

Journal: Study Linking Vaccine to Autism Was Fraud
http://lowellhubbs.blogspot.com/2011/01/journal-study-linking-vaccine-to-autism.html

Costner, is an alias name he ther author of the above blog, used on the Argus Leader, Sioux Falls, SD. The same person who attacked me there on two 300 post vaccine autism letters written by and published in that newspaper. He couldn't shut me down there, so he created the attacking blog you see linked to above. To date he refuses to even linkk to this counter blog, as if it doesn't exist. I have linked to his blog on each blog post page here. Yet he will go into my blog and pick out information, and try to attack it in a new blog page there. That is simply how the system works, if they can not address the message they simply attempt to discredit all messengers and sources of information. That, while continuing to spread the mainstream misinformation on vaccines. It is quite easy to attempt to destroy someone, when their name is never been hidden, while his identity always has. If he had any form of so called medically professional decency, he would reveal that.

Where do you start debating that kind of misinformed stupidity.Actually it is the same misinformation that much of the mainstream medical establishment believes, and they have swallowed it, hook line and sinker! Rather than respond to Costners, misinformed statements in that blog one by one, which I could do; it would be easier to just lay out the truth information that will show you the truth here. This is NOT something you learn all about in reading one blog page; it is something that is done by a process of reading multiple, or at least several sources of the truth information; and in that will you know the complete truth. I dont know what he thinks he is accomplishing; maybe he thinks all his BS will somehow stop me from continuing to put forth the facts. He was largely mistaken about that ever happening. Why? Because what he has is misinformation top to bottom, and lies will not cover up fact; not today, not ever. A person can keep quoting the main stream and CDC information, etc. all day and all month and year. The real facts are not found there, and never have been.

One thing is completely obvious, and that is in watching this guy operate for the past 11 months, that no matter what you show him, he comes back in denial of what was shown him, and what was there; to much to lose, for someone somewhere, and by the truth being known.

Costner starts right off in his blog page making this misleading comment right here.

I'm not sure we have room for any additional nails in this coffin, and I have covered this story in the past here and here, but once again we find yet another study which proves that Andrew Wakefield and his fabricated science is nothing short of blatant fraud.

Well when I get done here, we will see how many of those misinformation nails get pulled out and put back in his proverbial coffin, and that of the main steam media's claims!

One thing that is clearly obvious as well is that the mainstream medical and pediatrician based establishment, has become increasingly frustrated with the anti-vaccine and vaccine truth movements, and the impact they are having. The evidence currently in medical clinics of their brochures being handing out, containing the typical misinformation and false propaganda filled brochures as to anti-vaccination vaccine information truth movement, just about says it all.

One such source of the realization of that there are two the sides to the vaccine story is, evidenced in the below two articles.

THE DAMAGE OF THE ANTI-VACCINATION MOVEMENT
BY MICHAEL FUMENTO
http://fumento.com/disease/vaccine2010.html

Actually there are not even one of the studies referenced to there in that above article, that can not be clearly refuted as to its flawed design, and clear predetermined outcome. There is no such thing as an independent study, in their mainstream world; now matter where it is we are talking about.

FIRING BACK AT MICHAEL FUMENTO
http://www.ageofautism.com/2007/11/firing-back-at.html

Like I said, this takes allot of reading to actually get the full picture of it all. Decades of vaccine lies are easily put forth; countering that level of misinformation, takes allot more work.

First, this video below explains where it all really stands, and it is a video made by Dr. Andrew Wakefield himself.

If you are someone concerned with this situation, or a parent wanting to know the real truth about the Wakefield situation, I suggest you view the below video, by Dr. Wakefield. At some point the lies about this man, just have to end. Sunlight is the best disinfectant and truth the only way to understanding.

Dr. Wakefield reveals the inside story of the vaccine-autism connection.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x3rhYoh_Ow4

The Wakefield story was not the result of an independent investigation but that of a single journalist with a history of deceitful statements and numerous conflicts of interest.

Keeping Anderson Cooper Honest: Is Brian Deer The Fraud?

http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/01/keeping-anderson-cooper-honest-is-brian-deer-the-fraud.html

Keeping Anderson Cooper Honest: Is Brian Deer The Fraud?

http://www.ageofautism.com/jb_handley/

The going after wakefield, allegations by journalist Brian Deer. [Pure paid for evil].
http://briandeer.com/solved/solved.htm

Quote: By J.B. Handley, editor of www.generationrescue.org

"It is quite clear that you do not understand English. Brian Deer is not a member of the Sunday Times staff. He is a freelance journalist who runs his own website and blog and is not under the control or direction of the Sunday Times. Mr. Deer should not represent himself as a Sunday Times journalist. He is not a member of staff, does NOT have a regular salary from us, is not on our pension scheme and pays his own tax as a freelance. If he says that he writes for the Sunday Times that would be correct. He is a contributor to The Sunday Times on an occasional basis but again we have no control over him ..."

J.B. Handley Talks to CNN's Ali Velshi on Vaccine Safety.
http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/01/jb-handley-talks-to-cnns-ali-velshi-on-vaccine-safety.html

The Doctors TV: Jenny McCarthy and JB Handley on Autism
http://www.ageofautism.com/2009/05/the-doctors-tv-jenny-mccarthy-and-jb-handley-on-autism.html

The pharmaceutical industry influenced news media has been reporting a very biased and misinformation filled account of the information as to the retraction of Dr. Wakefield 1998 Lancet study, for now nearly a year. The false claims and attacks on Wakefield are getting more and more outrageous.

How can they claim to all that they do against Wakefield, when numerous actually and truthfully independent studies have supported his findings? Common sense in itself, in what is known about the characteristics of autism, and the bulwark of parents witnessing the onset of regressive autism after one or multiple vaccinations; lends to use of more common sense than what this article contains for claims and information.

To make the additional claim that there are 14 "independent" studies, that failed to find any similar link, is purely false on its face. They are not independent studies, most were paid for or funded by the CDC, no matter what country they were done in.

The Academy of Pediatrics admits to the following in the foregoing statement of this abstract titled: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are common and clinically heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders.

Gastrointestinal disorders and associated symptoms are commonly reported in individuals with ASDs, but key issues such as the prevalence and best treatment of these conditions are incompletely understood. A central difﬁculty in recognizing and characterizing gastrointestinal dysfunction with ASDs is the communication difﬁculties experienced bymany affected individual

Read the remaining statement and study here.
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/125/Supplement_1/S1

Yet, when we have someone like Dr. Wakefield and his colleages finding the possible cause to be the MMR vaccine, they literally crucify him. It makes to much sense. How can you have biomedical treatment of autism resulting in the reversal of autism in now hundreds of children, where with the mainstream medical side has nothing but drugs and therapy, and no answers, and no real solutions? How can you have all that being related to severe gut issues in these previously healthy children and then suddenly suffering regressive autism, after the MMR vaccine, or a load of multiple vaccines, and then yet claim there is proven no link? It is always claimed a coincidence, no matter what.

Biomedical Treatment (facts). And there is allot of new information since that page was created over a year ago.
http://www.lowellsfacts.com/biomedicaltreatment.html

Healing Our Autistic Children.
http://www.juliebuckley.com/

Hope for kids with dangerous inflammatory disease

Excerpt: Researchers at the Hospital for Sick Children say immunosuppressive therapy appears to alleviate the symptoms of small vessel vasculitis of the central nervous system, a disorder that can be mistaken for conditions ranging from epilepsy or multiple sclerosis to atypical autism.

http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/Health/20101017/small-vessel-vasculitis-101017/

So, they have to give immunosuppressive drugs to counter what; the excessive multiple vaccines?

The site, Stop Calling it Autism
http://www.stopcallingitautism.com/

Article: Does Autism exist? I say NO because it is brain damage!
http://www.cynthiajanak.com/20090405DoesAutismExistNo.html

http://i-c-a-p.org/031210_-_Vaccines_and_Autoimmune_Diseases_of_the_Adult.pdf [Scientific aluminum in vaccines - expose].

BLOOD VISCOSITY AS A FACTOR IN ALL METABOLIC DISEASES
http://www.soilandhealth.org/02/0201hyglibcat/020121horne/020121ch11.html

Why Medical Authorities Went to Such Extremes to Silence Dr. Andrew Wakefield, [with 28 studies that support Dr. Wakefields findings].
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2010/04/10/wakefield-interview.aspx

Dr. Mercola Interviews Dr. Andrew Wakefield, [live links to the studies].
http://www.whale.to/vaccine/mercola_wakefield.html

Transcript of Interview.
http://www.whale.to/vaccine/InterviewAndrewWakefield.pdf

How the GMC Framed Doctors Wakefield, Walker-Smith and Murch
http://www.cryshame.co.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=125&Itemid=135
http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/04/how-the-gmc-framed-doctors-wakefield-walkersmith-and-murch-.html
http://www.whale.to/vaccine/hewitt.html

Wakefield GMC Hearing 2007-2010
http://www.whale.to/v/gmc_wakefield.html

The Smearing of Dr Wakefield
http://www.whale.to/a/wakefield.html
http://www.whale.to/vaccines/wakefield.html

Persecuted doctors, health professionals, a historical account. Look how many there are!
http://www.whale.to/a/persecuted_doc_h.html

Official Finding of Facts from UK General Medical Council Available at Age of Autism
http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/01/official-finding-of-facts-from-uk-general-medical-council-at-age-of-autism.html

FITNESS TO PRACTISE PANEL HEARING 28 JANUARY 2010

A. Dr Andrew Jeremy WAKEFIELD B. Professor John Angus WALKER-SMITH C. Professor Simon Harry MURCH
http://www.gmc-uk.org/static/documents/content/Wakefield__Smith_Murch.pdf

DISCREDITED DEFAMATION: The Fallacious Case against Dr. Andrew Wakefield
http://www.wesupportandywakefield.com/documents/Autism%20File%20USA-PollyPiece.pdf

A Short Form FAQ About the Wakefield GMC Case.Age of Autism's excellent summary of some of the facts (which are different from what is being presented as facts) of Dr. Andrew Wakefield's GMC case.
http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/01/a-short-form-faq-about-the-wakefield-gmc-case.html
http://www.naturalhealthstrategies.com/dr-andrew-wakefield-gmc-case.html

False Testimony Denies Lancet Doctors a Fair Hearing
http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/01/-false-testimony-denies-lancet-doctors-a-fair-hearing.html

The witch-hunt against Andrew Wakefield, Questions and Answers that Dr. Wakefield gave.
http://www.spectator.co.uk/melaniephillips/3346281/the-witchhunt-against-andrew-wakefield.thtml

The REAL information.
http://www.cryshame.co.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=135

Regressive Autism,Ileal-Lymphoid Nodular Hyperplasia, Measles Virus and MMR Vaccine
http://www.cryshame.co.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=124&Itemid=210

Partial third nerve palsy after Measles Mumps,Rubella vaccination

http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1824-7288-36-59.pdf

http://vactruth.com/2010/03/28/ocular-motor-damage/

If thus, if you actually believe that Wakefield falsified any documents or data as to the actual 1998 study, you have been seriously mislead.

Suggested reading, way to much to there to excerpt, or quote. If all you do is read and listen to the mainstream claims and statements, you will never know the truth.

The BIG Lie – Wakefield Lancet Paper Alleged Fraud – Was Not Possible For Anyone To Commit, January 09, 2011
http://www.ageofautism.com/dr-andrew-wakefield/

The British Medical Journal Shows Misjudgement, Bias in Further Attack on Andrew Wakefield
http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/01/the-british-medical-journal-shows-misjudgement-bias-in-further-attack-on-andrew-wakefield.html

Here is a little enlightenment as to those 14 studies, from an unbiased and non CDC connected source.

A complete analysis of the main stream claimed to studies on vaccines and autism
http://www.putchildrenfirst.org/aboutus.html
http://www.safeminds.org/research/commentary.html
http://www.14studies.org/

Studies that Count, Studies that Don’t.
F. Edward Yazbak, MD, FAAP
http://www.vacinfo.org/studies.htm

Examine the OTHER side of the story!

Learn the real truth!

VRM: Dr. Andrew Wakefield Being Crucified By Big Pharma
http://vaccineresistancemovement.org/?p=329

Former science chief: 'MMR vaccine fears coming true'
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/health/article-376203/Former-science-chief-MMR-fears-coming-true.html

Wakefield and some colleages were doing extensive primate studies on vaccines, showing some very significant adverse results, with one study published, and another in the works; they had to attack and discredit Wakefield and take him out.

The below study was accepted by the Journal NeuroToxicology, and as well Science Direct, and that was later withdrawn as well; no journal wanted to step in front of the freight train going down on Wakefield.

WITHDRAWN: Delayed acquisition of neonatal reflexes in newborn primates receiving a thimerosal-containing Hepatitis B vaccine: Influence of gestational age and birth weight.

But you can still read them, here.
http://www.thoughtfulhouse.org/research/publications.php

Andrew Wakefield’s New Study of Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Primates.

Is This the Real Reason He and His Previous Work are Being Vilified?

If you want to know the real truth, read this article.

http://www.naturalhealthstrategies.com/andrew-wakefield-new-vaccine-study.html

Andrew Wakefield, Scientific Censorship, and Fourteen Monkeys
http://generationrescue.org/wakefield

Blockbuster Primate Study Shows Significant Harm from One Birth Dose of a Mercury-Containing Vaccine
http://www.ageofautism.com/2009/09/blockbuster-primate-study-shows-significant-harm-from-one-birth-dose-of-a-mercurycontaining-vaccine.html

Sunday Times’ Discredited – Wakefield’s Autism Research Verified.

This is just a small sample of the many studies that can be found supporting Wakefields findings, and be advised that Wakefield never stated that his study of 12 children was in any way conclusive, but only that more study was needed.

http://childhealthsafety.wordpress.com/2009/07/05/wakefieldreplicated/

Callous Disregard, By Dr. Andrew Wakefield

http://www.callous-disregard.com/

Do you think Dr.Wakefield could and would write a book like that, if he was a intentionally a misinforming fraud?

And how about this information. Anywhere the Amish live they use no vaccines, and have literally no autism, and noone of the other epidemics that are becoming prevalent today in our society, such as childhood diabetes, asthma, ADHD, cancer, etc.

Andrew Wakefield Attack Spells Death for These 3 Pharma Lies
http://vactruth.com/2011/01/10/andrew-wakefield-attack-spells-death-for-these-3-pharma-lies/

The Amish Don't Get Autism but They Do Get Bio-Terrorism, [There's, a
REAL eye opener!!!]
http://healthwyze.org/index.php/component/content/article/295-the-amish-dont-get-autism-but-they-do-get-bio-terrorism.html

You have to read the information, and decide for yourself where the
real truth is.

Lancet 12 Parents Respond to Brian Deer BMJ GMC Allegations, video.
http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/01/lancet-12-parents-respond-to-brian-deer-bmj-gmc-allegations.html

J.B. Handley: Autism-Vaccine CNN Interview, [listen to what he states
about how many vaccine ingredients have ever been looked at for
safety]!
http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/01/jb-handley-talks-to-cnns-ali-velshi-on-vaccine-safety.html

The Doctors TV: Jenny McCarthy and JB Handley on Autism.
http://www.ageofautism.com/2009/05/the-doctors-tv-jenny-mccarthy-and-jb-handley-on-autism.html

The pubic has the right to this information, and I do not appreciate
someone coming in here and deleting my posts! Someone clearly wants
this information hidden from the public, which as a parent or
concerned citizen, you have the right to know about in your decision
making process, as to your child.

We have all been lied to by the national media..period!

More supporting studies were addressed here;
http://costnermatthews.blogspot.com/2010/11/response-to-part-2-autism-vaccine-link.html

And here.
http://costnermatthews.blogspot.com/2010/11/reply-to-autism-vaccine-link-evidence.html

And here.
http://www.lowellsfacts.com/wakefield.html

And here.
http://www.lowellsfacts.com/drwakefieldtruth2.html

And here.
http://www.lowellsfacts.com/MMR_Vaccine_Truth.html

And here.
http://www.lowellsfacts.com/MMR_Vaccine_Truth_2.html

"Nothing is enough, ever".

Found 289 events where Vaccine is MMR and Patient Died. 1 to 10% known reporting.
http://www.medalerts.org/vaersdb/findfield.php

LANDMARK STUDY: AUTISM RECOGNIZED AS MEDICALLY TREATABLE
http://mercury-freedrugs.org/docs/081215_CoMeD_PR_AutismRecognizedAsMedicallyTreatable-rev2-b.pdf

Autism Spectrum Disorder-associated Biomarkers for Case Evaluation and Management by Clinical Geneticists

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/584398
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18999918

More Info.
http://www.autism.com/fam_aar_2010_6_mito.asp
http://www.autism.com/fam_aar_2010_21_gastro.asp

Urinary Metabolic Phenotyping Differentiates Children with Autism from Their Unaffected Siblings and Age-Matched Controls. Ivan K. S. Yap, Manya Angley, Kirill A. Veselkov, Elaine Holmes, John C. Lindon, and Jeremy K. Nicholson. Journal of Proteome Research 2010; 9:2996–3004.

http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/pr901188e

GMC Hearing Update, Apr. 23, 2010
http://www.ageofautism.com/2010/04/gmc-hearing-update.html

Court Awards Over $20 Million for Vaccine-Caused Autism
http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/court-awards-over-20-million-for-vaccine-caused-autism-102981579.html

Ben Zeller, federal case- Vaccine induced disability and autism.
http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/ABELL.ZELLER073008.pdf

Bailey Banks, childs case, vaccine caused autism.
http://www.uscfc.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/Abell.BANKS.02-0738V.pdf

GI Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): An Autism Treatment Network Study
http://www.abstracts2view.com/pas/view.php?nu=PAS10L1_1926&terms

Urinary metabolic phenotyping differentiates children with autism from their unaffected siblings and age-matched controls.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20337404

The BIG Lie – Wakefield Lancet Paper Alleged Fraud – Was Not Possible For Anyone To Commit, January 09, 2011
http://www.ageofautism.com/dr-andrew-wakefield/

The British Medical Journal Shows Misjudgement, Bias in Further Attack on Andrew Wakefield
http://www.ageofautism.com/2011/01/the-british-medical-journal-shows-misjudgement-bias-in-further-attack-on-andrew-wakefield.html

Gut bacteria may contribute to autism, also significantly supporting confirming Wakefields fingings

Just as the Press moves on from vilifying Dr. Wakefield a new UK study out quietly confirms his research linking Autism & Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The research identifies a characteristic chemical signature/marker (metabolic abnormalities) in their urine. “The signature that comes up is related to gut bacteria,” says Dr. Nicholson of Imperial College London

Chemical fingerprint: Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to analyse the children's urine, they found that each of these groups had a distinct chemical fingerprint, with clear and significant differences between children with autism and unrelated controls.

http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19011-gut-bacteria-may-contribute-to-autism.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&nsref=online-news

STATEMENT FROM DR. ANDREW WAKEFIELD REGARDING THE GMC HEARING
SANCTIONS
http://www.rescuepost.com/files/final-us-statement-ajw.pdf

Neuroglial Activation and Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Patients with Autism.
Ann Neurol 2005;57:000–000
(Read the conclusion).
http://www.stopcallingitautism.net/content/nids/Neuroglial_activation_and_neuroinflammation.pdf

10 reasons not to vaccinate
http://newresearchfindingstwo.blogspot.com/

Quotes
http://sites.google.com/site/walternieuws/autisme

The Amish Don't Get Autism but They Do Get Bio-Terrorism (Check that out).
http://healthwyze.org/index.php/component/content/article/295-the-amish-dont-get-autism-but-they-do-get-bio-terrorism.html

Index
http://sites.google.com/site/walternieuws/autisme

Dr Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D., geneticist who led the Human Genome Project, the 16th and current Director of the $30.5 billion budget National Institutes of Health [nominated by President Obama: NIH News Release 17th August 2009 ]
“Recent increases in chronic diseases like diabetes, childhood asthma, obesity or autism cannot be due to major shifts in the human gene pool as those changes take much more time to occur. They must be due to changes in the environment, including diet and physical activity, which may produce disease in genetically predisposed persons.“ stated in evidence to US House of Representatives Committee May 2006 when Director of the US National Human Genome Research Institute.

Dr Mayer Eisenstein
"We have about 30,000 or 35,000 children that we've taken care of over the years, and I don't think we have a single case of autism in children delivered by us who never received vaccines."

"The numbers are too large to not see it. We would absolutely know. We're all family doctors. If I have a child with autism come in, there's no communication. It's frightening. You can't touch them. It's not something that anyone would miss."
via NO AUTISM In Never-Vaccinated Children.

Homefirst.com, head doctor, Dr Mayer Eisenstein.
www.homefirst.com

J.B. Handley, cofounder of Generation Rescue, a nonprofit autism research and treatment advocacy group, on Larry King Live, the transcript. 3 apr '09

"Larry, we know with conviction that vaccines cause brain injury, it's on the Health and Human Services Web site. We're looking for something that's caused this epidemic. It went from one in 10,000 in the 1970s to less than one in 100 today in many states."

"Our kids get 36 vaccines, the MMR is two of the 36 shots. Before their first MMR vaccine, they get 23 other vaccines."

childhealthsafety, Autism Rates Rocket – 1 in 38 British Boys 21 mrt '09
"A new Cambridge University study’s figures show 1 in 38 British boys has an autistic condition. Autistic spectrum conditions are already costing the UK £28 billion per annum... a rate of 1 in 60 British boys and girls, but 4 in 5 cases affect boys."

Dan Olmsted reported in June of 2005:
"The autism rate for the Amish around Middlefield, Ohio, is 1 in 15,000, according to Dr. Heng Wang.
"Wang is the medical director, and a physician and researcher, at the DDC Clinic for Special Needs Children, created three years ago to treat the Amish in northeastern Ohio.

So there is direct evidence that live measles, mumps or rubella viruses separately can cause encephalitis leading to autism.

More troubling is that this has been known for a long time. So the risks of giving very young children a vaccine containing three live viruses all at once were known. These two World Health Organisation papers published nearly 40 years ago set out the hazards:

Virus-associated immunopathology : animal models and implications for human disease”:

1. Effects of viruses on the immune system, immune-complex diseases, and antibody-mediated immunologic injury Bulletin of The World Health Organisation. 1972; 47(2): 257-264.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2480894/pdf/bullwho00182-0115.pdf

Cell-mediated immunity, autoimmune diseases, genetics, and implications for clinical research Bulletin of the World Health Organisation. 1972; 47(2): 265-274

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2480896/pdf/bullwho00182-0123.pdf

And where has the knowledge progressed from there? Nowhere, they don't want it to. To do so would bring down the whole existing program. "They have all the science"

Source: http://childhealthsafety.wordpress.com/2010/06/30/vaccination-causes-autism-%E2%80%93-say-us-government-merck%E2%80%99s-director-of%C2%A0vaccines/

Crazy, as a monkey chasing his tail!

Neuroglial Activation and Neuroinflammation in the Brain of Patients with Autism. Ann Neurol 2005;57:000–000

(Read the conclusion).

http://www.stopcallingitautism.net/content/nids/Neuroglial_activation_and_neuroinflammation.pdf

Induction of rheumatoid antibodies in the mouse. Regulated production of autoantibody in the secondary humoral response.

http://jem.rupress.org/content/158/2/529.abstract